What is the structure of the active nickel in this magic wire? Is it small globular spheres, or micro wires or cracks, or specific crystals?
How can this structure be grown on the wire? I want to make kilometers of it.
I searched a bit and found these articles on controlled electro-deposition in nano and micro nickel structures. I see pulling the base wire through a chemical plating bath and generating the desired coating.


www.southampton.ac.uk/~fangohr/publicati...lmsS19_8320_2011.pdf

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775307001140

jes.ecsdl.org/content/154/6/E77.abstract

chen-server.mer.utexas.edu/2011/Xavier2011.pdf

connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/7078...tudy-nonequilibrium-

This is an emerging field.


jdk

Hi John,

Did you have a look at the SEM images we published on the blog previously.

We will be publishing post experiment ones after we have taken them from the EU cell wire. We will also publish pre and post elemental spectra analysis.

We are in a transition point now. Look at dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/5...97666.pdf?sequence=1 page 44. This thesis describes heated nickel wires in boiling liquids. He measures the heat transfer coefficients with many different liquids and nano-structures on the metalic nickel surfaces. Briefly, as the nano-structure tends to get thicker, the heat transfer coefficients get larger. I'm sure an analogous effect happens in a gaseous hydrogen rich enviroment. If our nickel wire surface is not static, and we can grow "nano-structure" during the experiment. We then should expect somewhat dramatic temperature changes over the "metal wire-nanostructure-gas" thermal transport interface. Our LENR calibrations assume a constant wire-gas thermal interface, and thus our LENR calorimeters will not accurately work because the calibration coefficient will change during the experiment. We need to be very careful with our measuments. Not only can the thermal transport properties inside of our experiment wander around, but the gas chemistry can wander as higher and higher temperatures encourage the formation of atomic hydrogen which has a signifigantly greater thermal conductivity. It can be difficult to hold all of the variables steady.



jdk

And this is what makes science FUN. It is also what makes it require patience.

Here are the images of the 350 Layer wire before active run

www.quantumheat.org/index.php/follow/fol...ire-characterisation

We are looking to gain access to the same SEM to take similar pictures of the EU wire that was used in the apparently successful in France as per the project plan.

The SEMs show much structure but little function. I don't know exactly how to interpret the structures. I can only catalog them and wait for later when more understanding might appear.
At higher temperatures, the metals are not completely static structures. During an extended time as the thermal, and chemically intense hydrogen soaks take place, the surface morphology might undergo an as yet undescribed transformation. (note the "might").
A brief model would be helpful, but I still can't download external files, so here is a verbal attempt.
The earlier thesis hints at possible change in the heat tranfer coefficient during our experiment. During "equiilbrium", the metallilc core of the wire is likely to be much hotter than any other part of the system. That is why heat is flowing out. It is flowing to the cooler outside world. The heat flow is controlled by an interface. The interface (not a complete description) consists of at least 3 structures in this simple model: 1), The hot metal core; 2) the nano-surface structural features shown in SEMs; and 3) the gas layer ( mostly H2 with very high thermal conductivity for a gas). If the thermal conductivity of the middle interfacial layer (2) increases, then the heat flow from the metallic core will increase. The temperature of the core wire will decrease. More heat will be conducted through the gaseous H2, and the outside wall of the container will get hotter.
To an outside observer, this temperature increase will appear to be heat generation. It is not. Rather it is just a new thermal equililbrium point being established by the change in heat transport through the dynamic interfacial layer. Since in this model, it is a new equilibrim point, this condition will persist "forever". If we have wrongly assigned the new surface temperature to LENR, we will be wrongly explaining the events. Great care is needed.
Obviously, the changes in heat transport will cause our calibrations will be inacurate.


jdk

Perhaps that explains why Celani advocates and did calibrations at equivalent power levels in gas mixtures with similar thermal conductivity but that are not Hydrogen. A protocol we followed.

The up and coming insulated steel cells with much lower Pin to raise the cell temperature passively by the control wire or actively with the Celani wire should resolve many of these issues.