Atomic hydrrogen is dissociated H2. It is one of the most reactive moieties known. It can be generated by a very high temperature metal filament. The lifetime is typically very short since it readily reacts with so many substances. However, very long lifetimes can be created under the right circumstances. A very early study on hydrogen and its unusual behaviors:

www.gifnet.org/articles/Langmuir%20&%20Atomic%20Hydrogen.pdf

An ionized atomic hydrogen is a proton. I think this is a pretty elementary source of potential nuclear phenomena. The classical generation method is a hot (>1700 K) tungsten filament.

Atomic hydrogen is very magnetic. So is nickel. Could there be a strong magnetic interaction between the hydrogen and nickel atoms?

I have heard that the Celani wire needs current flowing through it to become active. Could the flowing current create magnetic fields that trap the atomic hydrogen in the crevices? The local pressures and effective temperatures at the point of the crevice could become very large as the dimensions tend to nearly zero.

I'm making this up of course.


jdk

The atomic hydrogen generation techniques are widely variable. If the Celani device makes the equilibrium of
H2---->2 H
start to move a bit to the right, then the thermal transport of the filling gas will start to increase. In the existing calorimeter, this might be called LENR effect, when it could only be a little hydrogen dissociation.
The composition of the gas is not necessarily constant during an experiment. Analysis of the cooled gas after an experimental run would find only H2. The equilibrum will run both ways and the H2 form is more stable tha the very reactive H.

jdk

I just reread Langmuir article mentioned above. It has been about 2 month since the last read, and I was curious if any of the passages would be interesting. When I read something over, the text seems to vibrate at the newly interesting sections. Nearly the whole article was flashing at me. This is full of stuff we should be knowledgable about. Of particular importance is the impact of trace amounts of water on the formation of atomic hydrogen. This information well is very deep.

jdk

A company called BlackLight Power has applied for world-wide patents on a process using atomic hydrogen.
www.blacklightpower.com/business/business-summary/
The business summary should be read by everyone associated with LENR. There is remarkable symmetry between the two endevours. They claim to have both a thermal and electrical generator ready for commercialization, pending the issuance of the patents. They have a 10 watt proof of concept model presently running. The ultimate unit of output is said to be 1.5 kw. hooked up in series/parrallel combination to obtain any scale of up tp enormous outputs. There are over 100 journal articles with details on the "proof" of the theory. Someof the details are very compelling. I find the NMR results particularly interesting and nearly unequivical in support of the underlying concept.

jdk

below was added on march 14, 2013

www.blacklightpower.com/wp-content/uploa...icalPresentation.pdf

On pages 20-35 is a description of atomic hydrogen being used as a source of energy. This is not LENR, but rather "hydrino" effects. The only real difference between the two techniques is the use of a small abount of water (~100 ppm???") and a catalyst (potassium carbonate). They claim an energy gain.

jdk

John,

We feel this will be the year of the New Fire.

It is an honour to watch this discovery evolve.

B

The impact of atomic hydrogen on a molecular hyrogen based system could be very large. The calorimeter is calibrated with only H2 (molecular diatomic hydrogen) present over the expected power range. The inside of the device is sealed and is assumed to be free of any changes with time (exept for the magic LENR effect). Hydrogen in either atomic or bimolecular form is quite reactive chemically, especially at high temepratures. As the experimental device sits quietly on the bench, extensive reactions may be taking place. First of all, most metallic oxides will be reduced to the base metal. New metalic structures will grow inside the sealed supposedly static system. Even hot dried glass surfaces in a high vacuum systems have been reported to be good catalysts for the production of atomic hydrogen from molecular hydrogen. Atomic hydrogen is a much better conductor of heat than molecular hydrogen. Its presence will transport heat from the hot center of the system, thereby cooling the center of the device, while raising the temperature of the outside walls. The atomic hydrogen is in an equilibrium with moleular hydrogen. If any contributors to the equilibrium, (relative forwards and backwards rates) are impacted by ongoing ordinary chemical transformations taking place in the tube, the outer wall temperature will increase with the generation of atomic hydrogen. This process will invalidate the external wall calibration curves. Total heat (input - output) of the entire system is the only way to go.

jdk

Celani has described how Hydrogen is likely fracturing his wire and that even just leaving his cell un powered for a period of time appears to make it perform better. He has also said he does not particularly care what is going on in the cell he is working off the actual power radiated from the outside of the glass.

We have a multi pronged attack to address many of the questions you raise here and that have been discussed by other valued contributors.

1. Stainless Steel in a calibrated Air Flow Calorimeter attempting to measure whatever comes from a steady state with controlled losses maintaining internal cell temperatures with low input power.

2. Dual Steel and glass cells designed for highly accurate Fluid based Mass Flow calorimetry one as a control.

3. Dual Celani cells running V2 protocol, one active, one control, in vacuum - removing questions of gas effects. Multiple load and 'burn' cycles followed by load and 'burn' cycles on control followwed by removing active components.

Before all of that - we will run the existing EU cell with a Celani V2 protocol to get a feel for it.

B

I have repeatedly stated that atomic hydrogen might be present ( ie generated) and would explain much of the anomolous thermal behavoiur seen in the MFPM LENR experiments. Let us now try to create a way to measure the presence of atomic H.
My web research has found little of useful informataion on atomic hydrogen creation. Most of the current work is being done at Blacklight Power. The most consistent generator is discussed in older papers using a very hot tunsten filament in a partial vacuum. There are other patents used in the chemical prosess industries that used atomic hydrogen as a reactive intermediate to make some organic stuff. None seemed relevant.
I will state this as an hypothesis: The hot metal/ceramic/glass/(high H2 concentration) inside of an LENR reactor is a likely source of atomic hydrogen generation. If only we could measure it (it might even be transient concentrations ). It will certainly not be present on cool down of the reactor tubes. A residual gas analyser will generate H if H2 is present. Atomic hydrogen seems to have little or no spectral signatures. (except in the very deep UV (<100nm)). However, atomic hydrogen is quite magnetic.
Oxygen is another magnetic gas. It is routinely accurately measured using paramagnetic strategies . I'm hoping a similar device could be attached to a LENR tube. As H is created, the magnetic properties of the tube will slightly change. Maybe we can measure the appearance and dissappearance of atomic hydrogen using magnetic sensors. Does anyone out there have experience in this field? I would like to mount a "sensor" on the outside of the reactor tube. The magnetic circuit (iron) needs to "sample" a portion of the inside of the reactor tube where the changing paramagnetic effects will occur. I'm assuming the diffusion of atomic hydrogen will be fast and the concentrations inside of the tube will quickly equilibrate.

I've just started this idea.


jdk 19mar2013

Thanks JDK, seams like you have done a lot of thinking there.

H2 is split by the catalytic action of Celani wire if nothing else.

In the next series of tests, we are not going to have H2 in the calibration or active runs - it will only be there during loading phases, so it is taken out fo the debate.

I'm not sure if H will be taken out of the discussion. You will add it later in the experiment. The chemistry will proceed in spite of your predictions and protocols. The composition of H2 and H inside the reaction tube in not under your control at present. You must stop the reactions. This activity is not exactly obvious. Simply adding H2 at some high pressure later and raising the temperature only encourages the production of H. I'm just starting to create a measurement strategy for atomic H. I think it is important.


jdk