Celani's cell did NOT vary with pressure!

Subject: CMNS: Further tests on Pressure reduction and temperature variation in Celani reactor.
From: Francesco Celani
Date: Sun, October 7, 2012 1:49 pm

Dear Colleagues,

Some people, inside and outside of our community have made some STRONG CRITICISMS of the report I presented at ICCF17 and the 2 DEMOS held at Austin (National Instruments Week, 6-10 August 2012) and Daejeon (ICCF17, 13-17 August, 2012).

* The key point of the critics is the possibility that the slow pressure reduction of Hydrogen and temperature fluctuations of the experimental room could greatly affect the high temperature (about 150°C) measured OUTSIDE the wall of our glass reactor to invalidate the claimed excess power. 

They think that the large, as expected, temperature increasing INSIDE the reactor (due to changing of convective motions) can have some notable effects on the OUTSIDE temperature of the reactor, supposed by me to behave like a Black-Body.

In other words, they think that the thick-walled (3mm) Borosilicate Glass tube (Schott-Duran) didn't behave as a Black-Body in the temperature ranges of our interest (100-170°C outside, 160-240°C inside).

* In particular: 

a) They had big reservations about the Fig. shown on pages 33 and 38 of my report (enclosed) at ICCF17.

b) They dismissed as meaningless the positive results shown on pages 29 and 31.

c) Moreover, they considered it just pure coincidence the effect of the apparent excess power increasing and the R/Ro ratio of submicrometric Constantan decreasing by a large amount (up to 30%!!!!). Other examples were shown on page 38. 

* In order to adress such possible doubts, in the last week [ first few days of October 2012 ] I decided (also under the "strong" suggestion/ recommendation/ control of one of our external Collaborators) to deload, as much as possible, the special Constantan wire from Hydrogen.

It was exactly the same wire that had been working, continuously, from July 10, 2012 and, from that date, the reactor had NEVER been opened.

The deloading procedure was quite difficult and took several days. By considering the R/Ro measurements it is thought that there was still some residual (i.e. at very low concentration) Hydrogen present in the Constantan lattice.

* The measurements performed were as follows:

a) The Reactor was kept without external thermal insulation, in a condition that was as similar as possible to the DEMOs held in USA and Korea (and previously at INFN-LNF, Italy).

b) The power applied was about 48W, as typical in such demos. 

c) The power was applied to the "Active" special Constantan wire.

d) The only difference was the gas: He (supposed inert) instead of Hydrogen (supposed active). We know that the thermal conductivities of such gases are quite similar. 

e) We simulated, as close as possible, the previous real experiments under H2, the behaviour of the "spontaneous" gas pressure decreasing (due to some gas leakages of our reactor with internal volume of, only, about 250cc).

Pressure drop from 6.3 to 4.3 bar, time about 60000s. Overnight test, no strong variation due to variation of convective component to the heat dispersion because NO people in the Laboratory. Exp.#1

f) We kept the pressure constant at 6.6 bar: studies of room temperature spontaneous changing, 1 full day test, i.e. day-night cycle. Exp.#2

g) We studied the effect of slow pressure changing at the low region of pressures: 4.4-->2.8bar. Again overnight test, from 19:30 (Saturday) to 11AM (Sunday). Exp.#3

Results

e1) Exp.#1

• Room temperature variation: 23.2-->21.8;
• Pressure variation: 6.3-->4.3 bar;
• Input power: 48.05W
• Internal temperature variation: 220-->233°C
• External temperature variation: 154+-0.5°C==> No detectable variation. 

f1) Exp.#2

• Room temperature variation: 23-->21.6-->22.6. Day-Night-Day;
• Pressure variation: 6.5 bar, almost CONSTANT
• Input Power: 47.9W
• Internal temperature variation: 220+-1°C ==> Stable
• External temp. variation: 152+-0.5°C =No detectable variation. The temperature difference, in respect to Exp#1, due to small reduction of input power.

g1) Exp.#3

• Room temperature variation: 22.9-->21.7-->22.5°C
• Pressure variation: 4.5-->2.8bar
• Input Power: 47.95W+-0.05W
• Internal temperature variation: 235-->240°C
• External temp. variation: 154°C+-0.5°C

Comments and Conclusions 

Because the variations of external temperatures in the previous experiments with Hydrogen were of the order of 10°C, the effect due to the large pressure variations, as indipendently measured by Helium gas, are almost not significant when compared to the results obtained by our reactor and specific sub-micrometric Constantan starting from June 06, 2012. 

• If there are some errors in the measurements which is always possible and can be somewhere, they are not related to pressure variations.
  
• Only independent testing using a "reactor" that is VERY DIFFERENT from ours, can enable a final judgement/decision these kind of intriguing results, for several aspects quite interesting
  
• In the next days I will make graphical elaboration of the last 3 experiments and I will send to all of You [sent in Ryan's last post]
  
  
• Many thanks for Your time and patience on reading so long mail. 

Francesco CELANI

From: Francesco Celani
Date: Mon, Dec 3, 2012 at 11:52 AM
Subject: Again about pressure reduction and possible results mis-interpretation. CMNS: Further test on Press. reduction and temp. variation on Celani reactor.
To: Mathieu Valat 

Dear Colleagues,

In the very recent days, I got information that AGAIN there was some discussions going on about possible mis-interpretation of our previous experimental results due to the effect of pressure reduction inside the reactor. They made an experiment with the mixture Ar@75%-H2@25%, as I used in the previous experiments. They studied the effect of pressure reduction and found that such pressure variation affected in a large way even the output temperatures.

I would like to note the following: 

1. they used QUARTZ tube, NOT borosilicate, as in our experiments. The quartz is transparent also to IR, borosilicate behaves as a Black Body at lambda >2.5 micron.
   

2. I made calibration on such effects both on July 10, 2012 and later, very long, at the beginning of October. I used concentrated He. In short, for a temperature variation INSIDE the chamber of about 20°C, the temperature variation OUTSIDE the chamber was only 1-2°C, in the condition of wall temperature of about 150°C and input power of 48W. So, the effect is in the limits of experimental error.
   

3. The experiment presented in my presentation at ICCF17, pg.38, where it is shown the CONTROLLED effect of pressure reduction on possible increase of anomalous heat, was performed in CONCENTRATED H2, time 520000-660000 seconds. I recall that the thermal conductivity of He and H2 are quite similar. 

* Considering such experimental facts I am convinced that the effect dectected from our Colleagues is obtained in conditions very different from ours. 

Thanks for the kind attention and, again, I would like to tank the Colleagues that made in deep attention to our experimental set-up and data analysis.

BTW. I am resending also the old mail of October were such results were discussed [as above]

My best,

Francesco CELANI